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Horace Finaly School  —  Economics and Society Horace Finaly (1871-1945) [1] Political and economical proposals about the possibility for creating money and community wealth for everybody. Finaly School Publications (Books and documents)

News 97% Owned - How is money created. Positive Money Cut 97% owned present serious research and verifiable evidence on our economic and financial system. This is the first documentary to tackle this issue from a UK-perspective and explains the inner workings of Central Banks and the Money creation process. When money drives almost all activity on the planet, it's essential that we understand it. Yet simple questions often get overlooked, questions like; where does money come from? Who creates it? Who decides how it gets used? And what does this mean for the millions of ordinary people who suffer when the monetary, and financial system, breaks down? YouTube: 97% Owned - How is money created. Positive Money Cut The telematic currency: an instrument for peace - 2009 Without cash, we would live in a much more secure environment. There would be less violent and more social cohesion, since the main attractive for illegal activities would disappear. The telematic implies great hope for all the population on de planet as long as it is used as an instrument dedicated to preserve the liberty and information of all citizens. Agustí Chalaux i de Subirà (1911-2006) founder of the Joan Bardina Studies Center (1984) and of the Finaly School (1995), investigated and developed throughout his life this economic, scientific and rationalized system. (Català) (Español) (Français) (Italiano) 45 Years Ago Today Richard Nixon Killed The Gold Standard - 08/15/1971 45 years ago today, on 08/15/1971, under pressure from the FEDERAL RESERVE, Nixon suspended the convertibility of the US dollar into gold. The Federal Reserve demanded this action TO PROTECT THE US DOLLAR FROM SPECULATORS. The value of the US dollar has been steadily falling ever since. Today our currency has a lower value than the Canadian dollar, or the Euro. Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nixon_shock Collection Bullae Plutarchy and Other Tales Agustí Chalaux i de Subirà History of the social researcher Agustí Chalaux. His meetings with banker Horace Finaly. (Català) (Español) (Italiano) (Română) Horace Finaly Alfred Colling History of the banker Horace Finaly. (Català) (Español) (Français) (Română) The Earliest Precursor of Writing Denise Schmandt-Besserat Denise Schmandt-Besserat, suggest the hypothesis that these simple clay figurines represent the first currency in history. That that currency is a «note», a «bookkeeping entry», and that this opens the way to writing. (Català) (Deutsch) (Español) (Français) (Română) Two Precursors of Writing: Plain and Complex Tokens Denise Schmandt-Besserat Before the Sumerian writing system—the first script ever developed—was invented at the end of the fourth millennium B.C., accounting was practiced in the ancient Middle East by means of small counters. These were small tokens modeled in clay in different shapes, each symbolizing a particular commodity. The token system consisted of two kinds of tokens—«plain» and «complex». (Español) Reckoning Before Writing Denise Schmandt-Besserat The tokens from Tepe Asiab may be considered an elaboration of a system of counting based on pebbles. The novelty was to use clay for the manufacture of the counters, permitting one to model the tokens into various shapes and to assign each form a particular meaning. Thus, the counters became a more precise memory aid since they not only conferred the quantity but also the specific nature of the commodities recorded. The Emergence of Recording Denise Schmandt-Besserat Tokens are small clay artifacts modeled in various shapes, mostly geometric. In previous publications, I wrote that tokens were used for recording prior to writing in the ancient Middle East. I suggested that each token shape stood for a precise quantity of a particular good such as "a peck of barley" or "a jar of oil". In this paper, I focus on the earliest assemblages of tokens and present the available data concerning where, when, and how the first tokens appear. Finally I identity factor(s) which may have been responsible for the emergence of recording. An Instrument to Build Peace Agustí Chalaux i de Subirà A text which proposes the use of modern technology to implant a universal electronic coinage which would favour world peace and tend to eliminate anonymous money. The connection between anonymous money and imperialism is also discussed. (Català) (Español) (Français) (Italiano) Essay on Currency, Market and Society Magdalena Grau i Figueras - Agustí Chalaux i de Subirà A book in which a new economic and political model is proposed, based on a transparent and responsible market, the minimisation of power over individuals and the creation of a society with less misery and corruption. (Català) (Español) Autobiographical Notes Agustí Chalaux i de Subirà History of the social researcher Agustí Chalaux. His meetings with banker Horace Finaly. Hopes and frustrations of idealistic militants. The quest for an economic system which is also scientific and rationilized. (Català) (Deutsch) (Español) (Esperanto) (Français) (Italiano) Telematic Currency and Market Strategy Magdalena Grau i Figueras - Agustí Chalaux i de Subirà Small book where the monetary systems are studied along the history and the forecasts and consequences of the installation of the telematic currency of obligatory use. (Català) (Deutsch) (Español) (Français) (Italiano) The Power of Money Martí Olivella i Solé Book when it studies currency and money along the history and its transformations like basic elements for consecution of a more just society and with less corruption and poverty. (Català) (Español) (Italiano) A Short History of Money Agustí Chalaux i de Subirà - Brauli Tamarit i Tamarit A short text explaining the history of money. Originally, it was an instrument which aided commerce and favoured responsibility. Later, it changed, permitting corruption. In view of this, a money system using modern technology and which once again favours responsibility, is proposed. (Català) (Deutsch) (Español) (Esperanto) (Français) (Italiano) (Română) Communal Capitalism Agustí Chalaux i de Subirà An analysis based on the proposal made by Bismarck, Marx and Lasalle, to give a Basic Revenue to each person without a salary. Description of the people who would benefit from this revenue. A proposal of public funding expressed by Maurice Allais, Nobel Prize of Economy, which would allow the introduction of this Basic Revenue without having to resort to heavy tax systems. (Català) (Deutsch) (Español) (Esperanto) (Français) (Italiano) (Română) The History of Community Capitalism Agustí Chalaux i de Subirà Communication presented/displayed by Agustí Chalaux i de Subirà Saturday, 17 of February of 2001, in the seat of the Randa Foundation, in where the history of Capitalism is explained comunitari, its disappearance in please the monopoly of deprived Capitalism, and a proposal of the Nobel prize de Economy of the 1988, Maurice Allais, who can make resurge it. (Català) (Español) Banque Paribas' history Extracted from «Handbook on the History of European Banks» written by European Association for Banking History E.V. (Français)